THE MULTIPLICITY OF PROCEDURAL STATUSES OF A VICTIM OF A CRIME

A literal interpretation of paragraph 1 of part 1 of Art. 6 of the Code of Criminal Procedure suggests that criminal proceedings protect not so much victims as participants in criminal proceedings (part 1 of Art. 42 of the Code of Criminal Procedure), but rather individuals and organizations who are victims of crimes. In turn, the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of these persons can be implemented through other procedural statuses. The article substantiates the existence of a multiplicity of procedural statuses of a victim of a crime, which, in the framework of criminal proceedings, manifests itself in several forms. It is argued that the protection of a person’s rights and legitimate interests can be carried out before a criminal case is initiated and a decision is made to recognize a person as a victim, in particular, through the applicant’s procedural status. The correlation of the procedural statuses of a private prosecutor and a victim in cases of public and private-public prosecution, as well as the procedural statuses of a private and public prosecutor, is independently analyzed. The importance of harmonization and development of these procedural statuses in the framework of criminal proceedings is substantiated. Separately, the article discusses the problem of combining the procedural statuses of the victim and the accused. The author concludes that a person’s procedural status as an accused in one criminal case in some situations implies the need to recognize him as a victim in another criminal case.