UNDERSTANDING OF TOTALITARIANISM IN SCIENTIFIC AND FICTION LITERATURE IN CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

The article is dedicated to actual problem related to finding common aspects of the images of totalitarianism and the identification of aspects that influence the formation of an understanding of the totalitarian state. The most important criterion determining the essence of totalitarianism is the source of this political regime. In this context the points of view of V. N. Voinovich, N. A. Berdyaev, who see the achievement of ideology as the goal of a totalitarian state, and J. Orwell, H. Arendt, G. B. Gutner, E. I. Zamyatin, who believe that the essence of totalitarianism lies in the seizure and unlimited use of power are given. In order to identify the concomitant characteristics of the totalitarian state the works of G. Orwell, M. Djilas, J. Zhelev, E. I. Zamyatin, A. Huxley are analysed and views on the type of economic system characteristic of totalitarianism, the specifics of culture, the relationship between human and the state are correlated. It is emphasized that the similarity of all the considered scientific and fiction images consists in focusing on the essence of psychological basis used by the ideologists of the totalitarian state. It is concluded that the authors’ opinions are similar in most criteria of a totalitarian state, while the few differences in views are explained by the specifics of the presentation of images by the scientific and literary community.