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The natural law theory of a person as a substance of his own is presented in the article. The author analyzes historical and contemporary theories and states that any human rights and freedoms can be derived only from such a fundamental level, that a human represents an inherent nature himself. For this basic legal personality the quality of persons’ life, race, nationality, gender, and other characteristics are not decisive.
Key words: value of life, person, legality, equality, law dignity, natural law